नयाँ पाठ्यक्रम · New Curriculum 2083 · Model Question
ऐच्छिक कम्प्युटर विज्ञान — कक्षा १०
💻 Optional Computer Science
⏱ २ घण्टा / 2 Hours 📝 ५० पूर्णाङ्क / 50 Marks 📋 25 Questions ✅ Full Answers + Marking Scheme
🆕 New Curriculum 2082 Networks · DBMS · Multimedia Python · AI & IoT Bilingual NP/EN
📌 नयाँ पाठ्यक्रम सूचना / New Curriculum Note: यो नमुना प्रश्नपत्र CDC ले प्रकाशित गरेको २०८२ को विशिष्टीकरण तालिका अनुसार तयार गरिएको हो। यसमा पाँचओटा नयाँ इकाइहरू (Computer Network, DBMS, Multimedia, Python, AI) समावेश छन् जुन पुरानो पाठ्यक्रमभन्दा फरक छ।
This model paper is based on the NEB specification grid published for 2082/83. Topics include five new units replacing the old QBASIC/C-language curriculum. You can download the original Specification Grid, Model Questions and Marking Scheme here.
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समूह 'क' — Group A
10×1 = 10
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दिइएका विकल्पहरूबाट सही उत्तर छान्नुहोस् ।
Choose the correct option from the following. [10×1=10]
1a
कुन शब्दले सञ्चार माध्यमको अधिकतम डाटा वहन गर्ने क्षमता जनाउँछ ?
Which term refers to the maximum data-carrying capacity of a communication channel?
1 mark
aब्यान्डविथ Bandwidth
bथ्रुपुट Throughput
cफ्रिक्वेन्सी Frequency
dब्रोडब्यान्ड Broadband
✓ Answer
a. Bandwidth — the maximum data-carrying capacity of a communication channel.
1b
Bluetooth छोटो दूरीका उपकरणहरूबिच ताररहित सञ्चारका लागि CAT6, Coaxial Cable, र Optical Fiber भन्दा किन बढी उपयुक्त मानिन्छ ?
Why is Bluetooth considered more appropriate than CAT6, Coaxial Cable, and Optical Fiber for short-range wireless device communication?
1 mark
aIt uses wired connections for faster communication.
bIt allows wireless communication between nearby devices.
cIt is mainly used for long-distance internet connections.
dIt is used only for television broadcasting.
✓ Answer
b. It allows wireless communication between nearby devices — Bluetooth uses short-range radio waves, eliminating the need for physical cables.
1c
Network administrator ले network मा रहेका दुई कम्प्युटरबिच सफल सञ्चार भइरहेको छ कि छैन भनेर जाँच गर्न कुन command प्रयोग गर्नुपर्छ ?
Which command should a network administrator use to check whether two computers on a network are communicating successfully?
1 mark
aपिङ ping
bफर्म्याट format
ccompile
dmerge
✓ Answer
a. ping — sends packets to a target IP and checks for a response to verify network connectivity.
1d
Database table मा प्रत्येक record लाई uniquely identify गर्ने key कुन हो ?
Which key uniquely identifies each record in a database table?
1 mark
aComposite key
bPrimary key
cCandidate key
dUnique key
✓ Answer
b. Primary key — a field (or set of fields) that uniquely identifies each record and cannot be NULL or duplicate.
1e
Database table मा भण्डारण गरिएको student information प्राप्त गर्न कुन SQL command प्रयोग गरिन्छ ?
Which SQL command is used to retrieve student information from a database table?
1 mark
aINSERT
bUPDATE
cSELECT
dALTER
✓ Answer
c. SELECT — used to query and retrieve data from one or more database tables. e.g. SELECT * FROM students;
1f
Web मा lossless image compression का लागि सामान्यतया प्रयोग हुने image file format कुन हो ?
Which image file format is commonly used for lossless image compression on the web?
1 mark
aJPG
bPNG
cMP3
dMOV
✓ Answer
b. PNG (Portable Network Graphics) — supports lossless compression, preserving full image quality. JPG is lossy.
1g
कम्प्युटरमा आफ्नो आवाजको recording भण्डारण गर्न तलका मध्ये कुन file format प्रयोग गर्नुपर्छ ?
Which of the following file formats should be used to store a recording of your voice on a computer?
1 mark
aSVG
bWAV
cGIF
dPDF
✓ Answer
b. WAV (Waveform Audio File Format) — an uncompressed audio format suitable for storing voice recordings. SVG is for graphics; GIF for animation; PDF for documents.
1h
Python मा function define गर्न कुन keyword प्रयोग हुन्छ ?
Which keyword is used to define a function in Python?
1 mark
adef
bfun
cdefine
dfunction
✓ Answer
a. def — Python uses the def keyword to define functions. Example: def my_function():
1i
एक विद्यार्थीले दिइएको सङ्ख्या even हो वा होइन जाँच गर्न Python code लेखेको छ। तर प्रयोगकर्ताले 4.5 जस्तो decimal value प्रविष्टि गर्दा error आउँछ। Program लाई अझ robust बनाउन सबैभन्दा उपयुक्त modification कुन हो ?
A student wrote code to check even/odd. It errors on decimal input like 4.5. What is the best fix?
num = int(input("Enter a number: ")) if num % 2 == 0: print("Even") else: print("Odd")
1 mark
aReplace int() with float() and keep the same condition.
bRemove the condition num % 2 == 0.
cUse num / 2 == 0 instead of modulus.
dRemove the input and hardcode the value.
✓ Answer
a. Replace int() with float() — this accepts decimal inputs. The % 2 == 0 condition still correctly identifies even integers (4.0, 6.0 etc.).
1j
AI system मा bias घटाउन कुन अभ्यासले सबैभन्दा उत्तम सहयोग गर्छ ?
Which is the best practice to reduce bias in AI systems?
1 mark
aUse only one type of data.
bIgnore privacy rules.
cUse diverse and representative data.
dCopy outputs without verification.
✓ Answer
c. Use diverse and representative data — training AI on varied, balanced datasets reduces the risk of biased or unfair outputs.
समूह 'ख' — Group B
10×2 = 20
11
Internet र Intranet बिच कुनै दुई फरक लेख्नुहोस् ।
Differentiate between the Internet and Intranet with any two valid points.
2 marks
✓ Model Answer
InternetIntranet
A public global network accessible to everyone worldwide.A private network accessible only within an organization or to authorized users.
Uses public IP addresses; data travels over public infrastructure.Uses private IP addresses; data stays within the organization's internal network.

Internet = सार्वजनिक; Intranet = संस्थागत/निजी

12
एक विद्यार्थीले घरमा कुनै cable प्रयोग नगरी laptop लाई internet मा connect गरेको छ । यस अवस्थामा data transmission का लागि कुन technology प्रयोग भइरहेको हुन्छ ? यसले कसरी काम गर्छ ?
A student connected a laptop to the internet at home without cables. Which technology is being used, and how does it work?
2 marks
✓ Model Answer

Technology used: Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)

How it works: Wi-Fi transmits data using radio waves between a wireless router and the laptop. The router receives internet data through a wired ISP connection and broadcasts it wirelessly. The laptop's Wi-Fi adapter receives these radio waves and converts them back to data — all without any physical cables.

Wi-Fi ले radio waves प्रयोग गरी wireless तरिकाले data transmit गर्छ।

13
Database Management System (DBMS) परिभाषित गर्नुहोस् र यसको एउटा फाइदा लेख्नुहोस् ।
Define a Database Management System (DBMS) and mention one advantage of using it.
2 marks
✓ Model Answer

DBMS: A software system used to store, manage, retrieve, and manipulate data in a structured and efficient manner. Examples: MySQL, Oracle, MS-Access.

Advantage: DBMS reduces data redundancy — the same data is not stored multiple times, saving storage and preventing inconsistency. Other advantages: improved data security, easy data retrieval using queries, multi-user access.

DBMS ले data लाई व्यवस्थित तरिकाले भण्डारण र व्यवस्थापन गर्छ।

14
Raster graphics र Vector graphics बिच कुनै दुई फरक लेख्नुहोस् ।
Differentiate between raster graphics and vector graphics with any two points.
2 marks
✓ Model Answer
Raster GraphicsVector Graphics
Made up of pixels (tiny colored dots).Made up of mathematical paths, curves, and shapes.
Loses quality (becomes blurry) when enlarged.Scales to any size without losing quality.

Examples — Raster: JPG, PNG, BMP  |  Vector: SVG, AI, EPS

15
Python मा area_circle(r) नामको function लेख्नुहोस् जसले वृत्तको क्षेत्रफल return गर्छ । (3.14 प्रयोग गर्नुहोस् ।)
Write a Python function named area_circle(r) that returns the area of a circle. (Use 3.14)
2 marks
✓ Model Answer
def area_circle(r): return 3.14 * r * r # Calling the function r = float(input("Enter radius: ")) print("Area =", area_circle(r))
1 mark for correct function definition with return 3.14 * r * r
1 mark for calling the function and passing value
16
प्रयोगकर्ताले non-numeric value input गर्दा आउने ValueError लाई handle गर्न try-except प्रयोग गरिएको Python program लेख्नुहोस् ।
Write a Python program using try-except to handle ValueError when a user enters a non-numeric value.
2 marks
✓ Model Answer
try: num = int(input("Enter a number: ")) print("You entered:", num) except ValueError: print("Invalid input! Please enter a numeric value.")
try block: executes normal code that might raise an error.
except ValueError: catches the error if a non-number (like "abc") is entered and shows a friendly message instead of crashing.
17
एक शिक्षकले परीक्षा परिणाम केवल table मा मात्र देखाउँछन् । यसले गर्दा विद्यार्थीहरूलाई आफ्नो performance बुझ्न कठिन हुन्छ । Data visualization ले यो समस्या कसरी समाधान गर्न सक्छ ? कारणसहित व्याख्या गर्नुहोस् ।
A teacher shows exam results only in tables and students find it hard to understand their performance. How can data visualization help solve this problem? Explain with reasons.
2 marks
✓ Model Answer

Data Visualization helps solve this problem in the following ways:

1. Visualizations like bar charts, pie charts, and line graphs present data in a visual format that is easy to understand quickly — students can immediately see who scored high or low without reading every number.

2. They help identify trends, patterns, strengths, and weaknesses — for example, a line graph showing marks over time reveals if a student is improving or declining.

Table = raw numbers मात्र; Visualization = patterns र trends स्पष्ट देखाउँछ।

18
Supervised learning र Unsupervised learning लाई एक एक बुँदामा परिभाषित गर्नुहोस् ।
Define supervised learning and unsupervised learning with one point each.
2 marks
✓ Model Answer
Supervised Learning: A machine learning method where the model is trained using labelled data — the algorithm learns by mapping inputs to known correct outputs. Example: spam detection (emails labelled spam/not spam).

Unsupervised Learning: A machine learning method where the model finds patterns from unlabelled data — no correct answers are provided; the algorithm discovers hidden structure. Example: customer segmentation by purchasing behaviour.
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एउटा विद्यालयले कामदारहरूको निगरानी गर्न र उनीहरूको व्यक्तिगत जानकारी सङ्कलन गर्न AI system प्रयोग गर्छ । यसबाट उत्पन्न हुन सक्ने कुनै दुई ethical problems छोटकरीमा व्याख्या गर्नुहोस् ।
A school uses an AI system to monitor workers and collect their personal information. Briefly explain any two ethical problems that may arise.
2 marks
✓ Model Answer
1. Privacy Violation: Collecting personal information without clear consent invades workers' privacy. They have a right to know what data is being collected and how it will be used.

2. Bias and Unfair Treatment: AI monitoring systems may contain biases that lead to unfair decisions — for example, flagging certain workers more often due to biased training data, resulting in discrimination.

Ethical problems: Privacy + Bias — दुवै समान महत्वपूर्ण।

20
कुनै एउटा सहरमा traffic congestion र energy wastage जस्ता समस्या देखिएका छन् । Internet of Things (IoT) को प्रयोगले यी समस्याहरू कम गर्न कसरी मदत गर्न सक्छ ? कारणसहित कुनै दुई application लेख्नुहोस् ।
A city faces traffic congestion and energy wastage. How can IoT help? Suggest any two applications with reasons.
2 marks
✓ Model Answer
1. Smart Traffic Management: IoT sensors placed at intersections can monitor real-time vehicle flow and automatically adjust traffic light timings, reducing congestion and travel time.

2. Smart Energy Management: IoT-connected smart meters and sensors can automatically switch off lights and devices when not in use, monitor power consumption in real-time, and reduce electricity wastage in public buildings and street lighting.
समूह 'ग' — Group C
5×4 = 20
21
Broadband connection का विभिन्न प्रकारहरू के के हुन् ? तिनका प्रमुख विशेषताहरू र प्रयोगहरू व्याख्या गर्नुहोस् ।
What are the different types of broadband connections? Explain their main features and uses. [1+3]
4 marks
✓ Model Answer

Broadband: High-speed internet connection that provides always-on, fast data transmission through various technologies. (1 mark)

Types of Broadband Connection: (3 marks)

1. DSL (Digital Subscriber Line): Uses existing telephone lines. Suitable for homes and small offices. Speed: 1–100 Mbps.

2. Cable Broadband: Uses cable TV network infrastructure. Faster than DSL. Suitable for urban homes and businesses. Speed: up to 1 Gbps.

3. Fiber Optic: Uses glass/plastic optical fibers and light signals. Provides very high-speed internet with low latency. Most reliable. Speed: 1 Gbps+.

4. Satellite: Uses communication satellites orbiting Earth. Useful in remote/rural areas where cables cannot reach. Higher latency than cable/fiber.

5. Wireless/Mobile Broadband: Uses radio waves (4G, 5G). No cables needed. Includes mobile internet and Wi-Fi hotspots.
22
Database र DBMS को परिभाषा लेख्नुहोस् । साथै fields र records लाई उपयुक्त उदाहरणसहित व्याख्या गर्नुहोस् ।
Define database and DBMS. Also, explain fields and records with suitable examples. [1+1+2]
4 marks
✓ Model Answer
Database (1 mark): An organized collection of related data stored electronically so it can be accessed, managed, and updated easily. Example: A school database storing student information.
DBMS (1 mark): Software used to create, manage, and manipulate databases. It acts as an interface between the user and the database. Examples: MySQL, MS-Access, Oracle.
Fields and Records (2 marks):

Field: A single column in a database table representing one category of data. Example: In a Student table, "Name", "Age", and "Marks" are fields.

Record: A single row in a database table representing one complete data entry. Example: One student's complete information — (Ram, 16, 85) — is one record.

RollNoNameAgeMarks
1Ram1685
2Sita1592
↑ Each column = Field  |  Each row = Record
23
Multimedia का मुख्य components वर्णन गर्नुहोस् । शिक्षामा multimedia का कुनै दुई प्रयोग व्याख्या गर्नुहोस् ।
Describe the major components of multimedia. Explain any two uses of multimedia in education. [2+2]
4 marks
✓ Model Answer
Major Components of Multimedia (2 marks):

1. Text: Written content — the most basic element used to convey information.
2. Audio: Sound, music, or spoken words — used in presentations, e-learning, and games.
3. Images/Graphics: Still pictures, diagrams, illustrations — support visual learning.
4. Video: Moving images with sound — used in tutorials, documentaries, online classes.
5. Animation: Moving graphics or cartoons — makes abstract concepts easy to visualize.
Uses of Multimedia in Education (2 marks):

1. Interactive Learning: Multimedia makes lessons more engaging and interactive. Students can watch video lectures, view animated diagrams, and listen to explanations — catering to different learning styles (visual, auditory, kinesthetic).

2. Better Concept Understanding: Complex or abstract topics (like the human body, chemical reactions, or historical events) can be demonstrated visually through animations and videos, helping students understand and retain information better than text alone.
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दिइएको Python program अध्ययन गरेर उत्तर दिनुहोस् :
Study the following Python program and answer: [2+2]
import pandas as pd data = {'Name':['Asha','Bikash','Chandra'], 'Marks':[45,72,60]} df = pd.DataFrame(data) print(df[df['Marks']>=60])
a. माथिको Python code को output लेख्नुहोस् ।
b. 60 भन्दा कम अङ्क ल्याएका विद्यार्थी देखाउने गरी code परिमार्जन गर्नुहोस् ।
a. Write the output of the above Python code.
b. Modify the code to display students who scored less than 60.
4 marks
✓ Model Answer

a. Output (2 marks):

Name Marks 1 Bikash 72 2 Chandra 60

Asha (45) is excluded because 45 < 60. Bikash (72) and Chandra (60) satisfy the condition ≥ 60.

b. Modified Code to show students with marks < 60 (2 marks):

import pandas as pd data = {'Name':['Asha','Bikash','Chandra'], 'Marks':[45,72,60]} df = pd.DataFrame(data) print(df[df['Marks'] < 60]) # Changed >= 60 to < 60

Output: Name: Asha, Marks: 45 (only Asha scores less than 60)

25
एउटा विद्यालयले homework support का लागि AI प्रयोग गर्न चाहन्छ । जिम्मेवार प्रयोगका चार guidelines (privacy, bias, safety, and academic honesty) सुझाव दिनुहोस् ।
A school wants to use AI tools for homework support. Suggest four responsible-use guidelines covering: privacy, bias, safety, and academic honesty. [4]
4 marks
✓ Model Answer
1. Privacy (गोपनीयता): Protect student privacy — do not enter personal information (name, address, ID numbers) into AI tools. Ensure the AI platform has a clear privacy policy and does not store or share student data with third parties.

2. Bias (पक्षपात): Check AI systems regularly for bias and fairness. Students should be aware that AI can sometimes give incorrect or culturally biased answers. Encourage critical thinking and fact-checking AI responses using textbooks and trusted sources.

3. Safety (सुरक्षा): Ensure safe use of AI — avoid sharing harmful, inappropriate, or sensitive content with AI tools. Schools should use age-appropriate AI platforms and filter inappropriate content.

4. Academic Honesty (शैक्षिक ईमानदारी): Maintain academic integrity — students should use AI as a learning aid, not to copy AI-generated answers directly as their own work. AI should help students understand concepts, not do assignments for them.

प्रत्येक guideline: 1 अङ्क (कुल 4 अङ्क)

💻
📊 Summary — Computer Science New Curriculum Model Q 2083
Full Marks
50
Questions
25
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